According to statistics, in recent years, humanity often encounters diabetes, which is the epidemic of 21. century. Every year, the disease becomes younger, and more and more patients die of complications. In this regard, it is important to understand what diabetes Melitus, which types of diabetes are there also their differences.
Types of diabetes
Diabetic pathology is a collective name for the entire class of illness. In medicine, it is a common publishing diabetes mellitus by type. Terminology itself is the entire list of diseases that have common features. The features of diabetes and species occur due to the pathogenic value of glucose in the bloodstream.
There are many factors, which is why insulin cannot deliver to blood cell glucose, while the result is always the only one - during strong blood saturation, cells cannot eat normally.
When sugar in cells is inappropriate, the water is pulled out. The liquid that fills the blood passes through the kidneys, leading to dehydration. Regardless of the type of diabetes, the following characters are placed:
- Dryness in oral cavity;
- a feeling of thirst;
- Frequent visits to the bathroom and abundant discharge of urine.
Different forms of diabetes are characterized by the factors of appearance, symptoms and method of therapy.
Diabetes classification
How many types of diabetes sugar is there? First of all, diabetes are characterized by a type - sugar associated with an increase in sugar and not -har. And but the type of sugar has certain types of diabetes and their differences.
- SD 1 form.
- SD 2 forms.
- Specific types of pathology.
- Gestational form.
In terms of seriousness, diabetes are characterized by type:
- light;
- medium;
- A heavy shape.
As for the state of compensation, they differ:
- compensated;
- subcompension;
- A decompension form of disease.
It is important to consider every type of diabetes and their characteristics.
Type 1 diabetes (insulin-notion)
The first type of diabetes is usually called autoimmune or viral impairment of pancreas that insulin produces. In patients with 1 type of diabetes, insulin is absent or not enough.
According to statistics, the event manifestation is in young people today. The first form has the following characters:
- Fast weight loss;
- thirst;
- Frequent urge to toilet;
- the feeling of hunger;
- The appearance of acetone in urine.
The treatment of this diversity of pathology implies the introduction of the required dose of hormones. The remaining therapeutic measures are inefficient.
Development 1. The types of illness occurs due to the genetic factor. In addition, the provocator is a number of negative reasons, starting with damaged immunity. The course of diabetes is sudden, with expressed manifestations. The sugar indicator is quite high, reaches 30 mmol / l. But without insulin, cells remain in a state of hunger.
The apartments of the pancreas are deformed, produced sugar. The lack of hormones leads to the impossibility of using carbohydrates, lack of energy tries to compensate for processing fat.
The first type is developing in the presence:
- infections;
- stress;
- Sedentary life;
- Autoimmune processes;
- hereditary predisposition;
- Inappropriate diet.
In the absence of adequate treatment, discords of consciousness, to a diabetic whom, are evolving rapidly. After that, if you do not train diabetes in adults, it will quickly lead to disorders of almost all systems and organ, disability.
Development of disease in the child There is a lagging in development at the physical, mental level, later puberty, infantilism.
The only method of therapy is the introduction of insulin in injections under the epithelium. Today, glucose does not enter more times. There are any analogues introduced 1 time a day or 1 time 3 days. The insulin pump is effective, which introduces glucose continuously during the day.
Diversity 1 The form of disease is a latent autoimmune illness disease, characteristic of the reduction of sugar value, patient's body weight is normal. The studio contains antibodies of pancreatic stations that are not available in 2. The form of pathology, but there are in 1 form.
It is important to diagnose a disease on time, because therapy implies the introduction of insulin. The tablets, sugar reduction in this situation are not allowed.
Type 2 diabetes (insulin-conceited)
Diabetes 2. The degree is not absolute, but refer to the inferiority of insulin. This indicates insulin excretion in a normal, surplus volume. The cells are resistant to his influence.
There are cases where this type is associated with obesity. In such a position of glucose excretion, it is not enough for all the presence deposits in fat. Unlike 1 form, 2 types were formed in mature years. The male gender faces the problem after 40, female in the post -climax period, when the restructuring is noticed at the hormonal level.
Development 2 forms of diabetes is not so fast, compared to 1 type. Often the disease is formed gradually, the signs are weak, painful disorders are not so far in 1 form.
The main manifestations of the disease include:
- Dryness in oral cavity;
- Increased amount of urine, which is why the patient enters the toilet in the middle of the night;
- a strong desire to drink;
- erns of mucosa;
- There is an increased desire.
After the disease, together with obesity, leads to the development of hypertensive disease, raising pressure on high values. The formation of an enchanted circle is formed when diabetes, obesity and hypertension together water to burden. The risk of a heart attack, a stroke is also growing rapidly.
If the disease is not treated, non-relined phenomena occur in nerve fibers, liver, kidneys, Eye mrežnema. The most common vascular disease in 2 pattern leads to complications - the appearance of trophic rectors on the lower leg, gangrene legs.
When 2 types of SD easily take place to normalize sugar, enough dropped weight. This is just in the beginning. After the lack of glucose, they will require medications that lower sugar in tablets. The pill can encourage synthesizing sugar in beta cells, which cover his disadvantage.
But after that with more stimulation, complete exhausting cells, the creation of a complete lack of glucose is possible. High indicators, together with complications in relation to internal organs, are served as an indication to switch to insulin tablet. Therefore, as a rule, the patient is sentenced to the constant use of insulin. Thus, of 2 types of diabetes, the first is in the insulin, and the second form has 2 phases, the nature of development depends on insulin and dependent on insulin.
Specific types of diabetes
There is a whole group of specific types of diabetes that are associated with other factors. Types of diabetes:
- Hereditary shortcomings in the work of the cells of the Tenkration bodies and the effect of insulin.
- The disease of the exocrete part of the gland.
- Endocrinopathy.
- SD, caused by medicines, chemical elements.
- Injections.
- Unusual types of immune diseases.
- Hereditary symptoms combined with diabetes.
Diabetes Mellitus by types of genetic damage to pancreas and insulin effects are formed due to the mutation of genes that are responsible for the functioning of the gland, insulin effect.
The diseases of the exocront part of the pancreas include an inflammatory process in iron, injuries, tumor formations. When the body is influenced, sugar productivity also suffers, the service station leads to the occurrence of diabetes. Therapy undergoes the exchange of work, they introduce glucose.
Diabetes Mellitus according to the type of endocrin characterize the performance of hormones in excessive volume. Hormones are able to negatively affect sugar exchange by increasing indicators, causing insulin resistance, inhibit exposure to sugar. As a result, the development of a certain form of diabetes appears.
Diabetes Mellitus by species caused by drugs that can increase sugar and cause insulin resistance.
Diabetes are often developed after viral pathology, because viruses can affect pancreatics cells incredibly and provoke damage in the immune system, initiating a process similar to the formation of sugar-shaped disease.
- Adenovirus.
- CitomeGalovirus.
- Rubela.
- Piggy.
In rare cases, diabetes with diabetes, caused by the formation of antibodies on glucose and its receptor are observed. The receptor is the goal of glucose, through it, the cell receives its influence. When these phenomena are violated, sugar cannot naturally perform their work, so that it develops diabetes.
Gestational diabetes
This species develops during pregnancy. The disease is developing due to inferior sugar productivity, it is necessary to regulate glucose in the bloodstream.
During pregnancy, the female body is forced to produce a large amount of sugar, which provides a need for a baby. This procedure is particularly relevant in the second phase of pregnancy.
When there is a lack of glucose, the value of sugar all the time is growing, provides the possibility of forming a gestational type of diabetes. Pathology often disappears, after the birth of a child. This is a characteristic characteristic that distinguishes this type of other types that have chronic flow.
Non-adalar diabetes
The form of disease that is not called an inaikar is also called urethan. Pathology has no typical characters. The main features include:
- Polyuria, characterized by release urine in volume, which significantly exceeds the norm;
- Poliodypass - taking large amounts of liquid.
With disease, diabetics are observed by:
- dry leather;
- The stomach extends, descends;
- the fall of body weight;
- pressure decreases;
- A genitourin system was affected (girls faced with a violation of the menstrual cycle, in men, the potential is reduced);
- Ennuses children are worried, growth and development development are delayed.
Nehacchariate therapy ensures the reception of vasoprine in the form of spray in the nose or tablet cavity.